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(→"Fourth Helix definitions in the literature"[2]: flyttat tabellens littlista till noterna) |
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Vilken den fjärde helix är som läggs till trippelmodellens tre aktörer (akademi, näringsliv och offentlig sektor) varierar både i teorin och praktiken. En litteraturgenomgång från 2016 redovisar åtta olika definitioner av den fjärde komponenten varav hälften kan hänföras till civilsamhället och de övriga ringar in expertgrupper av olika slag: | Vilken den fjärde helix är som läggs till trippelmodellens tre aktörer (akademi, näringsliv och offentlig sektor) varierar både i teorin och praktiken. En litteraturgenomgång från 2016 redovisar åtta olika definitioner av den fjärde komponenten varav hälften kan hänföras till civilsamhället och de övriga ringar in expertgrupper av olika slag: | ||
==== "Fourth Helix definitions in the literature"<ref>''[https://euagenda.eu/publications/using-the-quadruple-helix-approach-to-accelerate-the-transfer-of-research-and-innovation-results-to-regional-growth Using the Quadruple Helix Approach to Accelerate the Transfer of Research and Innovation Results to Regional Growth]'', European Union, Committee of the Regions 2006, s. 14-15. | ===="Fourth Helix definitions in the literature"<ref>''[https://euagenda.eu/publications/using-the-quadruple-helix-approach-to-accelerate-the-transfer-of-research-and-innovation-results-to-regional-growth Using the Quadruple Helix Approach to Accelerate the Transfer of Research and Innovation Results to Regional Growth]'', European Union, Committee of the Regions 2006, s. 14-15. | ||
</ref> ==== | </ref>==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Reference author | !Reference author | ||
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|Yawson (2009) | |Yawson (2009)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Yawson R. M.|förnamn=|titel=The Ecological System of Innovation: A New Architectural Framework for a Functional Evidence-Based Platform for Science and Innovation Policy,|år=2009|utgivare=The Future of Innovation Proceedings of the XXIV ISPIM 2009 Conference, Vienna, Austria, June 21–24, 2009}}</ref> | ||
| rowspan="4" |CIVIL SOCIETY | | rowspan="4" |CIVIL SOCIETY | ||
|The '''public''' asuser in user-driven innovation contextand as an essential factor for firms and public sector organisations. | |The '''public''' asuser in user-driven innovation contextand as an essential factor for firms and public sector organisations. | ||
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|Arnkilet al.(2010) | |Arnkilet al.(2010)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Arnkil R., Järvensivu A., Koski P.and Piirainen T.|förnamn=|titel=Exploring Quadruple Helix Outlining user-oriented innovation models, Final Report on Quadruple Helix Research for the CLIQ project, under the InterregIVC Programme.|år=2010|utgivare=InterregIVC Programme}}</ref> | ||
|'''Citizens or users who give information about their needs and experiences'''. Versions: The Triple Helix + user model. The firm-centred living lab model, where industry remains the key element. The public sector-centred living lab model, where the government remains the key element. The citizen-centred model, where citizen remains the key element. | |'''Citizens or users who give information about their needs and experiences'''. Versions: The Triple Helix + user model. The firm-centred living lab model, where industry remains the key element. The public sector-centred living lab model, where the government remains the key element. The citizen-centred model, where citizen remains the key element. | ||
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|Carayannis and Campbell (2012) | |Carayannis and Campbell (2012)<ref>{{Tidskriftsref|författare=Carayannis E. G., Barth T. D. and Campbell D. F. J.|rubrik=The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation|år=2012|tidskrift=Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2012, 1:2|utgivare=}}</ref> | ||
|'''The media-based and culture-based public and civil society'''. It also includesthe following:culture and innovation culture; values and life styles; multiculturalism and creativity; media; arts and arts universities; and multilevel innovation systems (local, national, and global), with both universities in hard and soft sciences. | |'''The media-based and culture-based public and civil society'''. It also includesthe following:culture and innovation culture; values and life styles; multiculturalism and creativity; media; arts and arts universities; and multilevel innovation systems (local, national, and global), with both universities in hard and soft sciences. | ||
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|RIS3 Guide (EC, 2012) | |RIS3 Guide (EC, 2012)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=|förnamn=|titel=Guide to Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS 3), May 2012|år=2012|utgivare=European Commission}}</ref> | ||
|Civil society as '''innovation users''' (NGOs and citizens’ initiatives related to societal challenges for which innovative solutions would be helpful, consumers associations,etc.) | |Civil society as '''innovation users''' (NGOs and citizens’ initiatives related to societal challenges for which innovative solutions would be helpful, consumers associations,etc.) | ||
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|Baber (2001) | |Baber (2001)<ref>{{Tidskriftsref|författare=Baber Z.|rubrik=Globalization and scientific research: the emerging triple helix of state-industry-university relations in Japan and Singapore|år=2001|tidskrift=Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 21, 401–408|utgivare=}}</ref> | ||
| rowspan="4" |OTHER | | rowspan="4" |OTHER | ||
|'''External scientific experts''' who advised the Singaporean government during the early 1980s on science and industrial policy. | |'''External scientific experts''' who advised the Singaporean government during the early 1980s on science and industrial policy. | ||
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|Metha (2003) | |Metha (2003)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Mehta M.|förnamn=|titel="Regulating biotechnology and nanotechnology in Canada: a post-normal science approach for inclusion of the fourth helix", In: Z. Baber and H. Klondker (Eds.) The Triple Helix|år=2003|utgivare=State University of New York Press}}</ref> | ||
|Institutional actors and individuals forming an “'''''extended peer community'''''” (advanced scientific and technical areas, e.g. biotechnology and nanotechnology). | |Institutional actors and individuals forming an “'''''extended peer community'''''” (advanced scientific and technical areas, e.g. biotechnology and nanotechnology). | ||
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|Delman & Madsen (2007) | |Delman & Madsen (2007)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Delman J.and Madsen S. T.|förnamn=|titel=Nordic "Triple Helix" Collaboration in Knowledge, Innovation and Business in China and India: a Preliminary Study|år=2007|utgivare=NIAS Press}}</ref> | ||
|'''Independent, non-profit, member-based organisations''' which combine funding from government and private sector. | |'''Independent, non-profit, member-based organisations''' which combine funding from government and private sector. | ||
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|Caduff et al. (2010) | |Caduff et al. (2010)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Caduff C., Siegenthaler F. and Wälchli T.|förnamn=|titel=Art and Artistic Research|år=2010|utgivare=Wälchli Zurich University of the Arts, Scheidegger and Spiess}}</ref> | ||
|'''Arts and artistic research''', as a new form of creation and possibly also as a new form of knowledge creation. | |'''Arts and artistic research''', as a new form of creation and possibly also as a new form of knowledge creation. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
< | <br /> | ||
==Engelsk översättning== | ==Engelsk översättning== |