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Rad 6: Rad 6:
Vilken den fjärde helix är som läggs till trippelmodellens tre aktörer (akademi, näringsliv och offentlig sektor) varierar både i teorin och praktiken. En litteraturgenomgång från 2016 redovisar åtta olika definitioner av den fjärde komponenten varav hälften kan hänföras till civilsamhället och de övriga ringar in expertgrupper av olika slag:
Vilken den fjärde helix är som läggs till trippelmodellens tre aktörer (akademi, näringsliv och offentlig sektor) varierar både i teorin och praktiken. En litteraturgenomgång från 2016 redovisar åtta olika definitioner av den fjärde komponenten varav hälften kan hänföras till civilsamhället och de övriga ringar in expertgrupper av olika slag:


==== "Fourth Helix definitions in the literature"<ref>''[https://euagenda.eu/publications/using-the-quadruple-helix-approach-to-accelerate-the-transfer-of-research-and-innovation-results-to-regional-growth Using the Quadruple Helix Approach to Accelerate the Transfer of Research and Innovation Results to Regional Growth]'', European Union, Committee of the Regions 2006, s. 14-15.
===="Fourth Helix definitions in the literature"<ref>''[https://euagenda.eu/publications/using-the-quadruple-helix-approach-to-accelerate-the-transfer-of-research-and-innovation-results-to-regional-growth Using the Quadruple Helix Approach to Accelerate the Transfer of Research and Innovation Results to Regional Growth]'', European Union, Committee of the Regions 2006, s. 14-15.
</ref> ====
</ref>====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Reference  author
!Reference  author
Rad 14: Rad 14:
!
!
|-
|-
|Yawson  (2009)
|Yawson  (2009)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Yawson R. M.|förnamn=|titel=The Ecological System of Innovation: A New Architectural Framework for a Functional Evidence-Based Platform for Science and Innovation Policy,|år=2009|utgivare=The Future of Innovation Proceedings of the XXIV ISPIM 2009 Conference, Vienna, Austria, June 21–24, 2009}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" |CIVIL SOCIETY
| rowspan="4" |CIVIL SOCIETY
|The '''public''' asuser in user-driven innovation contextand as an essential factor for firms and public sector organisations.
|The '''public''' asuser in user-driven innovation contextand as an essential factor for firms and public sector organisations.
|
|
|-
|-
|Arnkilet  al.(2010)
|Arnkilet  al.(2010)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Arnkil R., Järvensivu A., Koski P.and Piirainen T.|förnamn=|titel=Exploring Quadruple Helix Outlining user-oriented innovation models, Final Report on Quadruple Helix Research for the CLIQ project, under the InterregIVC Programme.|år=2010|utgivare=InterregIVC Programme}}</ref>
|'''Citizens or users who give information about their needs and experiences'''. Versions: The Triple Helix + user model. The firm-centred living lab model, where industry remains the key element. The public sector-centred living lab model, where the government remains the key element. The citizen-centred model, where citizen remains the key element.
|'''Citizens or users who give information about their needs and experiences'''. Versions: The Triple Helix + user model. The firm-centred living lab model, where industry remains the key element. The public sector-centred living lab model, where the government remains the key element. The citizen-centred model, where citizen remains the key element.
|
|
|-
|-
|Carayannis  and Campbell (2012)
|Carayannis  and Campbell (2012)<ref>{{Tidskriftsref|författare=Carayannis E. G., Barth T. D. and Campbell D. F. J.|rubrik=The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation|år=2012|tidskrift=Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2012, 1:2|utgivare=}}</ref>
|'''The media-based and culture-based public and civil society'''.  It  also  includesthe  following:culture  and innovation culture; values and life styles; multiculturalism  and  creativity;  media;  arts  and  arts universities;  and  multilevel  innovation  systems  (local, national,  and  global),  with  both  universities  in  hard and soft sciences.
|'''The media-based and culture-based public and civil society'''.  It  also  includesthe  following:culture  and innovation culture; values and life styles; multiculturalism  and  creativity;  media;  arts  and  arts universities;  and  multilevel  innovation  systems  (local, national,  and  global),  with  both  universities  in  hard and soft sciences.
|
|
|-
|-
|RIS3 Guide (EC, 2012)
|RIS3 Guide (EC, 2012)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=|förnamn=|titel=Guide to Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS 3), May 2012|år=2012|utgivare=European Commission}}</ref>
|Civil society as '''innovation users''' (NGOs and citizens’ initiatives related to societal challenges for which innovative solutions would be helpful, consumers associations,etc.)
|Civil society as '''innovation users''' (NGOs and citizens’ initiatives related to societal challenges for which innovative solutions would be helpful, consumers associations,etc.)
|
|
|-
|-
|Baber (2001)
|Baber (2001)<ref>{{Tidskriftsref|författare=Baber Z.|rubrik=Globalization and scientific research: the emerging triple helix of state-industry-university relations in Japan and Singapore|år=2001|tidskrift=Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 21, 401–408|utgivare=}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" |OTHER
| rowspan="4" |OTHER
|'''External scientific experts''' who advised the Singaporean government during the early 1980s on science and industrial policy.
|'''External scientific experts''' who advised the Singaporean government during the early 1980s on science and industrial policy.
|
|
|-
|-
|Metha (2003)
|Metha (2003)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Mehta M.|förnamn=|titel="Regulating biotechnology and nanotechnology in Canada: a post-normal science approach for inclusion of the fourth helix", In: Z. Baber and H. Klondker (Eds.) The Triple Helix|år=2003|utgivare=State University of New York Press}}</ref>
|Institutional actors and individuals forming an “'''''extended peer community'''''” (advanced scientific and technical areas, e.g. biotechnology and nanotechnology).
|Institutional actors and individuals forming an “'''''extended peer community'''''” (advanced scientific and technical areas, e.g. biotechnology and nanotechnology).
|
|
|-
|-
|Delman & Madsen (2007)
|Delman & Madsen (2007)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Delman J.and Madsen S. T.|förnamn=|titel=Nordic "Triple Helix" Collaboration in Knowledge, Innovation and Business in China and India: a Preliminary Study|år=2007|utgivare=NIAS Press}}</ref>
|'''Independent, non-profit, member-based organisations''' which combine funding from government and private sector.
|'''Independent, non-profit, member-based organisations''' which combine funding from government and private sector.
|
|
|-
|-
|Caduff et al. (2010)
|Caduff et al. (2010)<ref>{{Bokref|efternamn=Caduff C., Siegenthaler F. and Wälchli T.|förnamn=|titel=Art and Artistic Research|år=2010|utgivare=Wälchli Zurich University of the Arts, Scheidegger and Spiess}}</ref>
|'''Arts and artistic research''', as a new form of creation and possibly also as a new form of knowledge creation.
|'''Arts and artistic research''', as a new form of creation and possibly also as a new form of knowledge creation.
|
|
|}
|}
<small><u>Litteratur:</u></small>
<br />
 
<small>Arnkil  R., Järvensivu A., Koski P.and Piirainen T. (2010), Exploring Quadruple Helix  Outlining user-oriented innovation models, Final Report on Quadruple Helix  Research for the CLIQ project, under the InterregIVC Programme.</small> 
 
<small>Baber  Z. (2001),Globalization and scientific research: the emerging triple helix of  state-industry-university relations in Japan and Singapore,Bulletin  ofScience, Technology and Society, 21, 401–408.</small>   
 
<small>Caduff  C., Siegenthaler F. and Wälchli T. (2010), Art and Artistic Research,  WälchliZurich University of the Arts, Scheidegger and Spiess. February 2010</small>   
 
<small>Carayannis  E. G., Barth T. D. and Campbell D. F. J. (2012), The Quintuple Helix  innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation,  Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2012, 1:2</small>   
 
<small>Delman  J.andMadsen S. T. (2007), Nordic "Triple Helix" Collaboration in  Knowledge, Innovation and Business in China and India: a Preliminary Study,  Kbh.: NIAS Press, 2007</small>   
 
<small>European  Commission (2012), Guide to Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart  Specialisation (RIS 3), May 2012</small>   
 
<small>Mehta  M. (2003),Regulating biotechnology and nanotechnology in Canada: a  post-normal science approach for inclusion of the fourth helix,In Z. Baber  and H. Klondker (Eds.) The Triple Helix. Albany: State University of New York  Press.</small>   
 
<small>Yawson  R. M. (2009),The Ecological System of Innovation: A New Architectural  Framework for a Functional Evidence-Based Platform for Science and Innovation  Policy,The Future of Innovation Proceedings of the XXIV ISPIM 2009  Conference, Vienna, Austria, June 21–24, 2009.</small>


==Engelsk översättning==
==Engelsk översättning==
Karin Grelz (SU)
emailconfirmed
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